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Ultraviolet energy at 254nm wavelength is radiated by special lamps. This shortwave ultraviolet energy is lethal to micro-organisms; the UV rays penetrate the cell membranes and destroy the DNA inside the cell, effectively destroying the organism and its ability to reproduce. Ultraviolet disinfection is extremely fast, it requires no chemicals or additives and cannot be overdosed. No chemical residuals are left in the treated water.

Inside the Stainless steel chamber runs a sleeve made of a special quartz glass transparent to UV rays. Within the sleeve there is a UV lamp, which is sealed at each end creating a water jacket around the UV lamp. Water to be treated enters the chamber at one end and exits at the other exposing its self to the UV rays and thus the micro organisms are killed. See the diagram below:

In private water supplies the UV system is the last part of the treatment system after the pump, filtration system and storage. Its good practice to fit a sediment filter just before the UV, (for domestic systems a 10" housing with a 5µm or 10µm filter is normally adequate.) This sediment filter stops particles getting through to the UV behind which bacteria can hide and thus not be killed. See systems diagram below:

UV Systems are designed to produce UV light at a dose of 30 mJ/cm². The higher the dosage, the more micro-organisms can be removed from the water. Below are examples of the type of micro-organisms the UV system can remove and the dosage required:

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